The Context Window

My notes on AI — rewritten from first principles, in code, with interactive demos.

Abhishek Bisht
Abhishek Bisht
Applied AI Research Engineer. Building and writing about the things that matter.
NLP

Tokens, Transformers & Truth

A 14-part series covering language models, transformers, attention, RLHF, reasoning, agents, security, and more.

14 tutorials
NLP

The Transformer Deep Cuts

A 14-part deep-dive series — transformer internals, LLaMA/Mistral/Mamba architectures, Flash Attention, LoRA, quantization, RLHF/DPO, diffusion models, CLIP, multimodal VLMs, and more.

14 tutorials · 5 arcs
Deep Learning

Neurons All the Way Down

An 8-part interactive series building neural networks from scratch — from a single neuron and backpropagation all the way to reproducing GPT-2, with code walkthroughs, interactive demos, and hands-on playgrounds.

8 tutorials · micrograd → GPT-2
Search

Finding Needles

A 19-part journey from classical information retrieval to modern agentic search — BM25, embeddings, vector databases, hybrid search, RAG, and autonomous search agents.

19 tutorials · 6 arcs
Python

Python Under the Hood

From data types and control flow to OOP, generators, gotchas, NumPy tensors, and transformer building blocks — interactive questions in the browser.

16 chapters
Python

The Sandbox

Write and run Python code right in your browser. No setup needed — just open and start coding.

Pyodide · instant
Architectures

The Architecture Atlas

Visual reference of 51 LLM architectures — from the original Transformer to DeepSeek V4. Browse, zoom, search, and compare any two architectures side-by-side. Based on Sebastian Raschka's architecture diagrams.

51 architectures · gallery + compare
Architectures

Architecture Deltas: 2017 → 2026

The chronological journey from Attention Is All You Need to DeepSeek V4. 21 milestone models, six deep-dive panels, and an interactive family tree. One question per stop: what new component did this model actually introduce?

21 milestones · 6 deep dives · single page
Architectures

The Evolving Transformer

Build landmark transformer architectures from scratch — one codebase, paper by paper. Transformer → GPT-2 → LLaMA → MoE → linear attention → multimodal → DeepSeek V4. Chapters drop sequentially; YouTube videos planned per chapter.

16 architectures · 55+ deltas · code evolution
Course

AI Researcher Course

End-to-end preparation for Applied AI Research Engineer roles — 10 phases covering architectures, pretraining, alignment, RL for reasoning, multimodal, and interview prep. Includes a full syllabus and progress tracker.

10 phases · 6 months · syllabus + tracker
Interview

The Gauntlet

75 LLM interview questions — from foundational concepts to senior-level traps drawn from Google DeepMind, OpenAI, Meta, and Anthropic. Tap to reveal answers, track your progress, and test yourself in random quiz mode.

75 questions · 16 topics · self-test
RL + Reasoning

Reasoning from Scratch

A 12-part series on building reasoning LLMs — from chain-of-thought prompting through reinforcement learning foundations (bandits, MDPs, policy gradients, PPO) to training your own reasoning model with GRPO on GSM8K.

12 tutorials · 4 arcs · CoT → RL → GRPO → R1-Zero
Deep Learning

Decoding DeepSeek

A 12-part series building every piece of the DeepSeek architecture from scratch — attention, KV cache, MLA, RoPE, Mixture of Experts, multi-token prediction, FP8 quantization, and more. Theory, math, and code for every module.

12 tutorials · 6 arcs · from transcript to blueprint
Inference

Beyond the Forward Pass

Deep dives into LLM inference engines, serving systems, and production optimization — paged attention, continuous batching, speculative decoding, prefix caching, GPU VRAM management, and more.

1 tutorial · vLLM deep-dive
Pre-Training

The Training Ground

Deep dives into the pre-training forward pass and transformer architecture internals — tokenization, embedding, RMSNorm, GeGLU MLP, attention mechanisms, YaRN positional embeddings, hybrid masking, and the math of FLOPs and cluster sizing.

1 tutorial · dense transformer deep-dive
Research

The Paper Trail

Every research paper referenced across The Context Window — curated with brief descriptions, direct links, and tagged by blog series. Search, filter, and browse the papers behind the concepts.

92 papers · 9 blog series · searchable & paginated
Archives

The Archives

76 posts from 2018–2024 — ML fundamentals, NLP, PyTorch, backpropagation, LoRA, speculative decoding, and more. The full early writing history, organised year by year.

76 posts · 2018 – 2024 · year-wise